betray white fathers (4 of 4)

Phoebe has an idea of a white race traitor: someone who makes personal sacrifices for the betterment of humanity, whose actions halt the patterns of white supremacy. She goes looking for one and meets Stephanie Hofeller.

Part 4 of a 4 part series. Produced by Phoebe Unter, edited by Sharon Mashihi and advising by Kaitlin Prest.

Thank you to Stephanie Hofeller for sharing her story with Phoebe. Explore her work or read more about the Hofeller Files.

This episode featured writing from Anne Boyer’s book A Handbook of Disappointed Fate. Anne Boyer wrote the essay called Kansas City that introduced Phoebe to Quindaro, an abolitionist town that once existed in her hometown. Read more about Quindaro in the publication Flatland.

Workers handle preservation duties during a 1980s excavation of the Quindaro site. Photo by Larry Schmits via Flatland KC.

Workers handle preservation duties during a 1980s excavation of the Quindaro site. Photo by Larry Schmits via Flatland KC.

This episode also featured an excerpt from Race Traitor, the ‘90s journal edited by John Garvey & Noel Ignatiev, which inspired the name of this series. You also heard part of Barnor Hesse’s 8 White Identities. And a quote from Denise Ferreira da Silva: “do we want to be somebody under the state or nobody against it?” The artist and filmmaker Tourmaline discusses the quote in the book Terrorizing Gender by Mia Fischer.

You heard the voice of Yonci Jameson from Minneapolis’ Black Visions Collective.

Music you heard in this episode: “Beanbag Fight,” “Concentric” & “We Win” by Scanglobe, “Objectif” by Demoiselle Döner, “Les Fleurs” by Minnie Riperton and “Divine Hammer” by the Breeders.

Below is a list of texts & resources that helped Phoebe shape the ideas articulated in this series.

The book Whites, Jews & Us by Houria Bouteldja, described aptly as a “polemical call for a militant antiracism grounded in the concept of revolutionary love.”

Survey for White Artists by Latham Zearfoss & Ruby T, which compiles white artists’ (very smart) responses to questions like Where do you locate whiteness within your work? What is the effect of your white identity on your practice?

The entire body of work of Mandy Harris Williams a.k.a. @idealblackfemale, a theorist, multimedia conceptual artist, writer, educator, radio host and internet/community academic who investigates the connections between white supremacy and desirability, and lovingly/brilliantly calls out all kinds of bullshit including racist algorithms.

Eula Biss’s essay White Debt in the New York Times, which talks about raising white children and responds to Claudia Rankine’s essay The Condition of Black Life is One of Mourning by purporting that the condition of white life in America might be complacency, complicity, debt or forgotten debt.

The book Memoir of a Race Traitor by Mab Segrest.

The podcast/series Seeing White by John Biewen featuring Chenjerai Kumanyika is an excellent primer on the “buried” history of whiteness.

Chenjerai & Sandhya Dirks’ lecture All Stories Are Stories About Power has been extremely influential in my thinking about journalism. So has Lewis Wallace’s series (and book) The View From Somewhere, which breaks down the white supremacist construct of objectivity.

Sara Ahmed on whiteness. Negroes are Anti-Semitic Because They’re Anti-White by James Baldwin. Margaret Hagerman’s research on how white children are raised in the book White Kids. Tamara K. Nopper on white anti-racists. The characteristics of white supremacy culture, which were written by Tema Okun & Kenneth Jones for the workbook Dismantling Racism. The essay White People, You Have a Lying Problem by Talynn Kel. This essay by Kim McLarin on the possibility of friendships between Black & white women.



Lastly, Phoebe wants to acknowledge that this work is not in itself an anti-racist action. It is meant only  to describe her experience. She made this in the hope that it would be useful for other people confronting white culture in themselves, their communities or the world, where there’s plenty of it.

She invites white people to join *actual* collective movement against white supremacy. Check out Community Ready Corps Allies & Accomplices and Make Yourself Useful. Wanna redistribute your generational wealth? Maybe start with Resource Generation. Give reparations to Black & Indigenous people.

In this current moment, here are some urgent actions white people can take:

  • GIVE REPARATIONS: here is a Twitter thread with the venmo/paypal/cashapp handles for individuals who are seeking reparations, focusing on Black trans women, but including many Black people and collectives. It’s important to give to individuals.

  • When you show up to protests, listen to Black organizers. If things get confrontational with the police, you are there to de-arrest people and put your body between Black people and the police. Do not post photos of protesters faces.

  • Email/call government officials and city council etc. asking them to defund the police.

  • Organize for any school, organization, office, etc. you’ve ever been a part of to terminate their contracts with police. This is happening in Minneapolis. Here is a doc for Chicago Police Dept that may be helpful as a model for writing your own letter.


transcript

Kaitlin Prest:

From Mermaid Palace and RadioTopia. Welcome, to The Heart, I'm Kaitlin Prest. 

So this is the fourth episode of a four part mini season called Race Traitor, produced by Phoebe Unter. And if you haven't heard the first three episodes, you should start from the beginning. The first episode is called Who Taught You to Be White? After the last episode where Phoebe was asking questions about her inheritance as a white person and questions around giving that inheritance away. This episode, she's really looking for people who have taken action. Looking for people who have done more than just educate themselves or ask questions about what it would be like to give things up. Even though this is the final episode, this is not the end. I'm hoping that this will be a beginning of many conversations that you end up in the middle of, asking these same questions that Phoebe is asking and using her journey as a guide for yourself. A mirror like she talks about in episode one, to reflect on yourself and the people that you're close to. 

Just before we start, for another glossary moment, Phoebe talks about abolitionism in this episode. And we've been talking a lot right now about police abolition, but it's part of a larger movement of prison abolitionism, which essentially is just about ending incarceration and punishment as a way of dealing with social problems. 

The police are like an arm of that punitive system. And so when we say abolitionism, it's sort of both of those things. Yeah. Just in case you didn't know the lingo. 

OK. Here's Phoebe. 

Phoebe:

The whole time I've been working on this series, taking inventory of how white supremacy lives in me and having hard conversations with my friends about it. Every time I feel like I've gotten somewhere new in conversations with my family and the times it feels like we're all back at square one. All this time, I've heard this nagging question in my own head

[inner monologue] … is any of this even really doing anything? 

When I'm feeling doubtful that my individual actions can change anything, I like to look for sources of inspiration, models for how to meaningfully contribute to dismantling whiteness as a white person. And then after many months of working on this, right as it was about to be released, a Black led abolition movement that has been building power for a very long time reached a tipping point. And alongside the outrage and the burning cop cars and the grieving and the mourning, it's like a doorway appeared. 

[light dreamy wind chime sounds] 

Phoebe's mom:

[recording from inside car on the way somewhere] We went...when we first moved here, we went there to see it because we'd heard about it. And I don't even know if you could go, you know, I mean, if you could see anything. 

Phoebe:

[narrating] I'm making my mom drive us to a place in my hometown I've never been before. A place called Quindaro, which I read about in a book by a poet named Anne Boyer. 

Phoebe:

So it's called Kansas City. “There is a ghost town in Kansas City, Kansas....

[soft inquisitive glitchy music underneath] 

“There is a ghost town in Kansas City, Kansas, called Quindaro. It's hard to get to. It is its own set of ruins. Its name means a bundle of sticks tied together. To find it, you must first go deep on Quindaro Boulevard. And if you are lucky, you will find the wooden John Brown statue. Then you must walk up a muddy bluff past it. If you get to Quindaro, you will see the ruins of an autonomous community built by former enslaved people, indigenous people, and abolitionists. It was the site at which people who cross the river could finally be free.”

Phoebe:

[recording from inside car on the way somewhere] You can park down here... 

Phoebe's mom:

Looks like it's closed right now. 

Phoebe:

[narrating] When I read this, I couldn't believe it. There was an entire abolitionist town on the banks of the Missouri River near where I grew up? In the 1850s, before slavery had been abolished, white abolitionists settled the town and lived in community with people of the Wyandotte tribe. Together, they smuggled in runaway enslaved people. Quindaro grew to be one hundred buildings. There were stone houses, a sawmill, two churches and a schoolhouse. A free Black town supported by white people and indigenous people. And I grew up 50 miles away, and I never knew about it. 

[music fades] 

When Anne Boyer went to Quindaro, her tour guide, a local historian, told her that this was by design. It was deliberately hidden. Because powerful people, the arbiters of history, don't want people to know that Black people had a community devoted to liberation. And that there were indigenous people and white people who would be so crazy to fight and die for justice. People like John Brown, the famous white abolitionist. After his death, history textbooks abruptly changed his narrative to say that for a century he was medically insane. 

[Race Traiter theme, lo fi keyboard and electric guitar] 

The Kansas City they do want you to see is the one created by people like J.C. Nichols, the man who built the neighborhood I grew up in. I learned about him and I was taught to appreciate his accomplishments. His Kansas City is still standing. It's preserved and continues to fulfill its original purpose: to be a refuge for white homeowners, a place they and their property values can stay insulated from everybody else. But Anne Boyer is right about Quindaro. It is hard to find. 

automated phone system:

...An item number followed by the pound sign, or you may hang up and call back later... 

Phoebe's mom:

Well, that's because you're supposed to call to have someone meet you here. 

Phoebe:

[narrating] The site of the ruins is not as hidden as it once was. It became a national historic landmark in 2019. 

You can stand in a pavilion and read from a plaque. 

Phoebe:

[at Quindaro] It says what you can see are the ruins... 

[narrating] And look out on the river, which used to separate slavery from freedom. 

[at Quindaro] From here you can see like there's some stairs that go down to what I'm guessing are the ruins.

 [camera clicking]

 Let's try going down. 

Phoebe:

[narrating] But the ruins themselves aren't visible. 

[at Quindaro] You can see the steps. 

[narrating] There are some steps and an overgrown path. I want to hike down and my mom wants to stay. She's afraid of snakes. 

Phoebe's mom:

It looks like it could have snakes in the grass, which makes me nervous. 

Phoebe:

I'll go first. 

Phoebe's mom:

Yeah, well, that doesn't make me feel any better. 

[footsteps and walking through brush inthe area]

Phoebe:

[narrating] As I'm wandering around, I can't find any remnants of the once thriving community. No foundations of houses or any signs of the lives that were once lived there. After thriving for a decade, the town suffered from economic decline. There had been some over speculation and the town along the riverbank became abandoned. 

In the 1980s, the landowners proposed turning it into a landfill. But when they were required to do an archeological excavation, they uncovered Quindaro's remains. The fact that there is little remaining evidence of Quindaro and that it isn't well known that it wasn't taught in my school, even though I grew up so close by, this all strikes me as one of the many reasons it can feel difficult for me to envision a future beyond white supremacy. Why didn't I learn about this important example that could have been something to strive for? Instead of learning the stupid history of J.C. Nichols. I think it's because the system that upholds white supremacy wants little white kids, like I once was, to hope to be homeowners and hope to live prosperously without thinking about the other world that is possible. Where we have less materially, so that others can have more. Before I started working on this series, I was hungry for examples of white people who do act as instruments for this kind of change. I wanted to meet someone who hasn't just talked to their family about changing, but has really done it. You could say the type of white people I was looking for were race traitors. The scholar Barnor Hesse says that there are eight white identities. They are arranged on a line from white supremacist to abolitionist. The first four kinds of white people on this list are all very obviously invested in the continuation of white supremacy. But the last four on the list are an illuminating map of where I think we should be going. 

They are:

White confessional: they expose whiteness a little bit, but they'll seek validation from people of color after. 

White critical: they'll critique whiteness and are invested in exposing the white regime. This is someone who refuses to be complicit with the regime and speaks to other white people about it. 

White traitor: a person who actively refuses complicity and names what's going on. Their intention is to subvert white authority, encourage the dismantling of institutions and tell the truth at whatever cost. 

White abolitionist: changes institutions, dismantles whiteness and does not allow whiteness to reassert itself. 

[Race Traiter theme music, lo fi synth music] 

Kaitlin Prest:

Please forgive this brief interruption. We'll be right back. 

Phoebe:

I think I just might have met a race traitor when I talk to Stephanie Hofeller, the early ‘50s anarchist whistleblower of my dreams. She is still as angry as I am about systemic white supremacy. And she's been questioning her role in it for a long time. 

Phoebe:

[to Stephanie, on the phone] It's like cool talking to you about this, because I feel pretty similarly about the world. And I mean, I'm — my parents they're liberals, but, you know — instilled a lot of things in me that I that I later unlearned. But I'm often dismissed by older people as this is something like, you'll grow out of or this is something that like, isn't sustainable. Like to fight for certain things. And so —

Stephanie Hofeller:

Yeah, well, you know, it is - their system is not sustainable. 

Phoebe: 

[giggles]

Stephanie Hofeller:

That's what's not sustainable. My lived experience has done nothing but radicalized me further over the years. 

Phoebe:

[narrating] Stephanie's lived experience is this: she grew up the daughter of Tom Hofeller. Tom was a political guy. 

He worked for the Republican National Committee and his biggest contribution to upholding white supremacy was his work in gerrymandering. In fact, he's known as the Michelangelo of the modern gerrymander. 

[subtle meandering swirl underneath with light percussive taps] 

Gerrymandering is a way of doing redistricting, and redistricting is the very regular government practice of redrawing the lines around congressional districts so they're roughly equal in population. This happens after the census every 10 years. Whichever party is in control at that time does it. And when the Republicans have been in power, they've had people like Tom Hoffeler used gerrymandering as a technique to suppress some people's votes and make others more powerful. And he was known for being an innovator, for coming up with new ways to use technology and out of the box ideas for new forms of voter suppression. 

Overall, you could describe Tom Hofeller’s career as doing his best to rig elections for one party. And if you're rigging elections for the Republicans, you can pretty safely say you're rigging elections for the interests and power of white America. 

Stephanie Hofeller:

He saw himself as the heir of the framers, the founding fathers, as we call them. 

Phoebe:

[narrating] And the crux of the whole game of gerrymandering is not getting caught. No one's supposed to know that you're intentionally trying to suppress the votes of certain groups. 

[music picks up speed]

So one of the things that made Tom Hofeller Michelangelo level was just how good he was at covering his tracks. Enter his daughter, Stephanie, while her dad was alive and doing all this fucked up work, she was never able to convince him to quit. 

Stephanie Hofeller:

Over the years, I had plenty of opportunity to attempt to explain it to him. And, you know, sometimes I would briefly win him over, but that wouldn't last long. 

Phoebe:

But when he died two years ago, she went into his house and happened to find a bunch of his hard drives. And when she realized what was on the hard drives, she handed them over to lawyers who found actual proof that his work in voter suppression was deliberately racist and partisan. 

Stephanie Hofeller:

With the addition of the Hofeller files, the musings, the way he put these things together, just made everything that we suspected blatantly clear. 

Phoebe:

One thing they found has to do with a news story from 2018. 

news clip:

The U.S. Department of Commerce announced Monday that it plans to add back a question on citizenship status to the 2020 census. 

Phoebe:

The Department of Commerce's official reason for this was it's necessary to adhere to the Voting Rights Act, which prohibits racial discrimination in voting. 

At the time, people thought this was fishy. Lawyers got on the case to prove that in fact, it was discrimination fueling the census question. The case went all the way to the Supreme Court. What people hadn't known before Stephanie released the Hofeller files was that the citizenship question was her father's idea. And in the Hofeller files, they found this key piece of evidence: an unpublished analysis Tom Hofeller wrote, which said in his own words, that the maps made with citizenship data from the census would be advantageous to Republicans and non-Hispanic whites. 

They would dilute the political power of Latinx people, and the citizenship data would allow for even more pernicious gerrymandering. The Hofeller files also revealed records of his communication, urging Trump's transition team to add the question. And as we know, they went forward with the plan. But the Supreme Court, likely convinced by the evidence in the Hofeller files, agreed that the government's official reason for having the citizenship question was bogus and it wasn't allowed to go through. 

I asked Stephanie if it was a hard decision to give up these files exposing her dad, to betray him. But she says it wasn't. 

She had been waiting her whole life to expose and undo the great injustices that her father had orchestrated against Black people and people of color all over the country. 

But Stephanie also feels connected to her dad. She was his only child. She does feel responsible for not having been able to change his mind. So she also feels like releasing the files does a service to him and her whole family. 

Stephanie Hofeller:

So one thing that my father could not do that you really kind of have to do in order to obtain forgiveness is you have to fucking confess! You have to come to terms with it and say, I did this. And only on the other end of this can you find any kind of redemption. 

Phoebe:

When I hear her talk about her seeking her father's redemption, it feels kind of like a ritual to halt a white intergenerational pattern of passing on and maintaining power. She wants to stop this pattern in its tracks, not to clear her father's name, but so future generations can do better.

Stephanie Hofeller:

We thought you know, it's not disrespectful to the dead to try and correct their mistakes. 

[steady and pensive guitar and drum melody]

Phoebe:

Something I've thought about a lot while making this is that individual actions cannot fix systemic racism. All the education, the correcting of blind spots, the exposure of oneself, the reckoning with one's personal privilege, even the giving of reparations as an individual will not change the systems around us unless a critical mass of people do this. 

I don't say this because I think we should give up.

I say this because I think we should be a lot more organized. White people should be working a lot harder together than we currently are. A few years ago, a friend told me about a journal called Race Traitor, which first came out in the early 90s.

It highlights the work of white people who refuse to be complicit in white supremacy. 

The editors of Race Traitor write: 

Race Traitor quote:

Probably the greatest weakness in the journal and in this collection, is the absence of reports and analysis of collective struggles. We appreciate the accounts of individual race traitors, say some. But what can people do in groups? We think this complaint is well taken, but we hasten to add that the shortcoming is not mainly our fault. If Race Traitor suffers from a shortage of accounts of collective struggles against whiteness, it is because few such struggles are taking place involving so-called whites. We note that in Minneapolis...

Phoebe:

[narrating] And in this quote, they're talking about Minneapolis 25 years ago. 

Race Traitor quote

In Minneapolis and Boston and a few other places, small groups of people have begun implementing copwatch programs. Campaigns to observe and record police misconduct. 

Phoebe:

[narrating] These Copwatch programs were created decades ago, and they're a great example of white people working together to shut down a system that was supposedly built for their protection. 

Race Traitor quote

These programs are examples of race treason because those who patrol the police repudiate the protection of white skin.

 [quiet energetic music building on itself]

Phoebe:

[narrating] In the past two weeks before publishing this, you know what has happened. A Black-led liberation and abolition movement that has been building for decades met another righteous burst of outrage over a slew of police murders of Black people. 

And the movement is having one of those months where literal and imaginative walls are coming down and going up in flames with a renewed urgency. Of course, white people's attention and investment in this fight is long overdue. 

But right now, this question of what we can do in groups feels like something we can actually answer and how we show up to meet the demands of Black people to overthrow the systems that threaten black life. And support new ones that allow Black people to thrive. 

Phoebe:

In the past two weeks: 

Yonci Jameson:

We've seen like what,  five to 10 different organizations cut ties with the police already? So really, it's it's feeling like we're getting nearer to liberation and it just hurts that, you know, it has to come at the expense of people's lives being lost... 

Phoebe:

This is the voice of youth abolitionist Yonci Jameson from Minnesota's Black Vision's collective. The Minneapolis City Council has agreed to dismantle its police force. 

Some cities have formed autonomous zones where police are no longer allowed to patrol. Fundraisers for black trans people to own their own housing have been flooded with support. 

Yonci Jameson:

The resource, the networking, the mutual aid. I feel like that's really the coming together-  we were just talking about how, like, if there's always this much food and water, like, why can't we just always have it like this? You know what I'm saying? We have the capacity to to create these mechanisms that are keeping each other safe and fed and taken care of. 

Phoebe:

And there's this small victory that's close to my own heart. The public fountain and street in my hometown named after J.C. Nichols will be renamed. 

Recently, I saw a quote going around on social media from the artist Denise Ferreira da Silva. Do we want to be somebody under the state or nobody against it? I think we need to be nobody's if we're going to make meaningful change as a group. That means spending more time and effort on non glamorous stuff you don't get credit for. Things like care for your community, volunteering, showing up, being of service. This is what I'm going to reinvest in right now. And I'm going to make sure that I'm doing it in a group, which can be harder than just doing it alone. To be a nobody requires humility, a modest or low view of one's own importance. White people don't know how to fix this. And that's part of being a nobody. Everything that has happened in this last month, it's been because of Black people, because of hundreds of years of uprising and decades of work, educating and fighting for the abolition of police. 

The best thing people who aren't Black have done to help the movement in these last weeks has been to listen to Black people, to show up and do what is being asked to be done.

[sound of walking through Quindaro] 

How can you contribute to today's Quindaro? 

What if right now also became a turning point for white people? The point at which we no longer accept what we've been given? The point at which we no longer accept the systems that exist for our supposed protection, the systems that manage our wealth?

What if this was the point at which we let our imaginations be transformed? What if we all identify something in our lives that's like our own personal Hofeller files. The black box of our white power, and we release it. 

[defiant electric guitar] 

Kaitlin Prest:

Race Traitor is a serialized mini season of The Heart produced by Phoebe Unter. Story goddess Sharon Mashihi edited this series with additional editorial support from Nicole Kelly and me, Kaitlin Prest. A very special thank you to Stephanie Hofeller for sharing her story with Phoebe. This episode featured writing from the book A Handbook of Disappointed Fate by Anne Boyer and the journal Race Traitor. Find links to the texts and other resources that guided and inspired Phoebe at theheartradio.org There are also resources that reflect the uprising happening right now on our web site for white people who are looking to get more educated and involved in confronting white supremacy. The Heart is Nicole Kelly, Phoebe Unter, Sharon Mashihi, Chiquita Pasqual and me Kaitlin Prest. Follow us on Instagram @theheartradio, you can follow me @KaitlinPrest. You can follow Mermaid Palace @MermaidPalaceArt. It is the organization that makes this show happen and you may find other shows that you like by following. You can donate to The Heart at theHeartRadio.org We need your dollars to keep making this work. If you're new to the show, leave us a review on iTunes, tell us what you think! Every time someone reviews it kind of- it helps other people find the show. So if you like us, leave us a review. This show is a more than 10 years old queer feminist platform and it's passed through the hands of many, many people over the years. Big thanks to the original co-creator and senior producer Mitra Kaboli and the other original co-creator and maker of audio magic's Jess Grossmann. Our next season is a special summer throwback series. OK. We are a proud member of Radiotopia. 

what makes a mom a white mom? (3 of 4)

All parents shape our identities. Phoebe’s affluent white parents made a particular set of choices to raise her in an all-white neighborhood with a sordid history. Phoebe investigates what she inherited as a result.

Part 3 of a 4 part series. Produced by Phoebe Unter, edited by Sharon Mashihi and hosted by Kaitlin Prest.

Phoebe wrote a companion to this episode for Autostraddle’s Fire In the Belly issue.

Thank you to Phoebe’s parents, Ellen Murphy (follow her on Twitter @PhoebesRealMom) & Steve Unterman, her sister, Sophie, and her beloved grandma for having the conversations you heard in this episode.

This episode featured excerpts from Tanner Colby’s book Some of My Best Friends Are Black.

Music you heard in this episode: “Les Fleurs” by Minnie Riperton, “Concentric” by Scanglobe, “One Headlight” by the Wallflowers, Steve Wingfield Big Band Love Songs, and “The Void” by The Raincoats.

Below is a list of texts & resources that helped Phoebe shape the ideas articulated in this series, which takes its name from the ‘90s journal edited by John Garvey & Noel Ignatiev. Many Race Traitor contributors now work on Hard Crackers.

The book Whites, Jews & Us by Houria Bouteldja, described aptly as a “polemical call for a militant antiracism grounded in the concept of revolutionary love.”

Survey for White Artists by Latham Zearfoss & Ruby T, which compiles white artists’ (very smart) responses to questions like Where do you locate whiteness within your work? What is the effect of your white identity on your practice?

The entire body of work of Mandy Harris Williams a.k.a. @idealblackfemale, a theorist, multimedia conceptual artist, writer, educator, radio host and internet/community academic who investigates the connections between white supremacy and desirability, and lovingly/brilliantly calls out all kinds of bullshit including racist algorithms.

Eula Biss’s essay White Debt in the New York Times, which talks about raising white children and responds to Claudia Rankine’s essay The Condition of Black Life is One of Mourning by purporting that the condition of white life in America might be complacency, complicity, debt or forgotten debt.

The book Memoir of a Race Traitor by Mab Segrest.

The podcast/series Seeing White by John Biewen featuring Chenjerai Kumanyika is an excellent primer on the “buried” history of whiteness.

Chenjerai & Sandhya Dirks’ lecture All Stories Are Stories About Power has been extremely influential in my thinking about journalism. So has Lewis Wallace’s series (and book) The View From Somewhere, which breaks down the white supremacist construct of objectivity.

Sara Ahmed on whiteness. Negroes are Anti-Semitic Because They’re Anti-White by James Baldwin. Margaret Hagerman’s research on how white children are raised in the book White Kids. The 8 White Identities by Barnor Hesse. Tamara K. Nopper on white anti-racists. The characteristics of white supremacy culture, which were written by Tema Okun & Kenneth Jones for the workbook Dismantling Racism. The essay White People, You Have a Lying Problem by Talynn Kel. This essay by Kim McLarin on the possibility of friendships between Black & white women.

Lastly, Phoebe wants to acknowledge that this work is not in itself an anti-racist action. It is meant only  to describe her experience. She made this in the hope that it would be useful for other people confronting white culture in themselves, their communities or the world, where there’s plenty of it.

She invites white people to join *actual* collective movement against white supremacy. Check out Community Ready Corps Allies & Accomplices and Make Yourself Useful. Wanna redistribute your generational wealth? Maybe start with Resource Generation. Give reparations to Black & Indigenous people.

In this current moment, here are some urgent actions white people can take:

  • GIVE REPARATIONS: here is a Twitter thread with the venmo/paypal/cashapp handles for individuals who are seeking reparations, focusing on Black trans women, but including many Black people and collectives. It’s important to give to individuals.

  • When you show up to protests, listen to Black organizers. If things get confrontational with the police, you are there to de-arrest people and put your body between Black people and the police. Do not post photos of protesters faces.

  • Email/call government officials and city council etc. asking them to defund the police. Here is a website that has templates for many cities.

  • Organize for any school, organization, office, etc. you’ve ever been a part of to terminate their contracts with police. This is happening in Minneapolis. Here is a doc for Chicago Police Dept that may be helpful as a model for writing your own letter.

transcript

Kaitlin Prest:

From Radiotopia and Mermaid Palace, welcome, to The Heart.   

[theme music starts, drum beating softly like a heart] 

I'm Kaitlin Prest. 

Right now, there is a historic uprising against police brutality and in defense of Black life happening in the states. And white people are being asked to show up in a lot of ways. I hope that if you're a white person wondering what to do, not just in this moment, but in your life, then there may be something for you in this episode and in this series. 

What you are about to hear is the third episode of a mini series, if you haven't heard the first two episodes. Go back and start from the beginning. 

In the last episode, Phoebe talked to some of the most important people in her life who are not white, and they talked about how her being white affects their ability to be close. 

In this episode, she wants to confront some of the most important white people in her life, her parents. 

Before we start, I just need to give you a brief historical primer. For those of you who maybe aren't American and aren't totally familiar with American history or for those of you who are American and don't know about this part of your history. In the '30s, the U.S. was just coming out of the Great Depression and the federal government wanted to stimulate home buying. 

[1950's cheery music] 

So they created this program, red lining. Red lining was a policy determining who would have access to low interest mortgages, where the cost of borrowing is low. And the loans, these low interest mortgages, were made available according to this system. The redlining system. There were four categories. 

Green was the highest, and this grade was given to the neighborhoods that the Federal Housing Administration designated to be stable, a.k.a. all white neighborhoods. 

Then there were middle tiers where some mortgages were available. And then there were neighborhoods marked red, which included black neighborhoods and older inner city neighborhoods. And there were no mortgages available for buying homes in these neighborhoods. So basically, if you were Black or a person of color, it was extremely unlikely that you would be able to get a mortgage, meaning property ownership was nearly impossible. 

OK, here's Phoebe. 

Phoebe:

When I close my eyes and try to picture being there, I first see this room, which we always called the library. 

The walls are paneled in rich auburn wood dotted with dark knots like eyes. [music plays quietly, lots of static] Bookshelves line every wall except where there are windows which look out on the backyard canopied by giant oak trees. There's a heavy wood door half open, and through it I can see the grandest room in the house, which has high ceilings and a big fireplace and huge curved banks of a multi-paned windows. This is the house I could inherit someday. And it's in a neighborhood that was designed by the real estate developer who helped write the federal housing policy known as redlining. 

Phoebe's dad:

Hi, Phoebe. 

Phoebe's mom:

You're gonna be sorry. You're gonna be sorry that you're doing this. 

Phoebe:

We’re just-

Phoebe's mom:

You asked me what my feeling was, and I don't think he at the time discriminated against. I mean, he thought if you're rich, you can live here. 

Phoebe:

That's not true. I mean, at the time —

Phoebe's mom:

He didn't — 

Phoebe:

The historical documents say that —

Phoebe's mom:

He didn't have a covenant against Jews in Mission Hill. 


Phoebe:

He did! Mom, you can read it. 


Phoebe's mom:

[trying to interrupt]

Phoebe:

You can read this stuff online. So what I'm not here to do is dispute whether or not the history happened or not. I want to know about how you felt when you found that out. 

Phoebe's mom:

I just told you. I told you... [fades out]

Phoebe:

[narrating] I'm having a conversation with my parents about the racist history of our neighborhood. I instigate these conversations because I want them to understand that living in this house and planning to sell it or bequeath it to their children someday is, in my opinion, unfair. They are reaping the benefits of white supremacist housing policies of the last century. And I have been reaping those benefits to. I want them to understand this, not just to feel guilty, but because I want them to give away their house as reparations. 

Phoebe's mom:

I told you that I knew that it was not enforceable. 

Phoebe :

So it didn't change your feelings at all about the house and the neighborhood you live in to know, that the person who designed your neighborhood is the father of of racially restricting housing —

Phoebe's mom:

No —

Phoebe:

Covenants nationwide —

Phoebe's mom:

Which you see — When you're asking me that question, you're asking me, did I know all that when I bought the house? No, of course not. But when I found out — what am I — what did I? Did I turn around and put the house on the markets so someone else...? 

Phoebe:

I just asked how you felt —

Phoebe’s mom:

I know. That's what I'm trying to tell you! 

Phoebe:

[narrating] I'm upset, because I sometimes cling to this idea that my family isn't like this. I grew up hearing stories about how my grandma and her parents survived something terrible, the Holocaust. My grandma told us these stories herself. We visited her all the time and she loved us more than anyone and gave us chocolate before bed, even if we'd already had dessert. 

And when she told us stories about it, they always came with these lessons. Never again. And fight prejudice. And most importantly, you cannot stay silent while bad things happen to other people. And I assume that because my family knew this, my grandma knew this so intimately that we didn't do these kinds of things. We weren't the kind of people who stood by while oppression occurred. 

I know active complicity and tacit acceptance are different, but they exist on the same spectrum of white supremacy. So to continually hear my parents so comfortable with this unjust history, to hear them deny how it involves them, to hear them defend their choice to live in this neighborhood and not take any responsibility for dealing with the effects of this history, it makes me feel like all those lessons were kind of a lie. 

[bright acoustic guitar plucking] 

During the war, my grandmother slept in a room with her parents and two grandmothers in the  Łódź ghetto. When my grandma would cough at night, her father would say this: 

Phoebe's grandma:

Opanuj się. Control yourself. Those were the words I remember my father saying so that I wouldn't wake every everyone in that room and —

Phoebe:

Will you say it again? 

Phoebe's grandma:

Opanuj się.

Phoebe:

By the end of the war, my grandma and her parents lose everything, including her grandmothers and all the people that they knew. 

They get on a train and end up in a small German town where they live for free in the home of Nazis who skipped town as soon as the war was over. 

Phoebe's grandma:

That's the very first photo after liberation. 

Phoebe:

[to her grandma] This is? 

Phoebe:

[narrating] She's 13. It's her first year in school. She doesn't speak German or know how to read. And her hair is the length of a crewcut. 

Phoebe's grandma:

That's when my hair was just beginning to grow in. And I put those ribbons, because I wanted to look like a girl. And I thought that would do it. 

Phoebe:

[narrating] When she's 19, she meets an American soldier in her town. 

[smooth romantic horns] 

He's Jewish from the Bronx, and he makes her and her parents laugh. After his tour, he goes back to the Bronx and sends her a letter, asking her to come marry him. She's excited to get the fuck out. Her parents give her a chunk of their hard earned savings for her journey, for her new life. And she spends most of it buying a parasol on the Champs-Elysees in Paris as she makes her way to the ship that takes her to Toronto, where she's married. 

Phoebe:

[to her grandma] These are very glamorous. 

Phoebe's grandma:

I thought I looked glamorous. I very much wanted to. 

Phoebe:

Did you still have your parasol from the shops? 

Phoebe's grandma:

No. Darn it. I left that somewhere along the way. 

Phoebe:

[narrating] Then in the photos, she and my grandpa are standing proudly in front of ranch houses in Texas and Arkansas. 

They look like a typical white 1950s couple. 

[music building] 

And then she's holding a baby, my dad. She buys him toys that little American boys in Oklahoma have. Cowboy shit, a bike, a sheriff's gun. Every year on his birthday he makes a list of all the toys he wants and she buys all of them. Because my grandpa is a veteran, they get a low interest mortgage from the G.I. Bill to buy a house in a stylish white working class suburb in Tulsa, Oklahoma. They're very proud to own property.

[music fades]

Even though my grandma survived the Holocaust, when she came to the US by way of marriage, she was able to live as a white woman to secure the incentives offered to white families and build an inheritance to pass on to her son. 


[music starts innocently then becomes a big somber, stepping down into something unknown] 

Both my parents grew up with dreams of being financially comfortable, of doing better than their parents. And when they're dating and in their late 20s, they're scrupulous savers. Then they get married. And a legally codified financial and emotional partnership between two white people would be nothing without someone to receive and share their hoarded wealth. So they decide to have children. And my sister and I are born. 

[relaxed electric guitar, has a 1990's vibe]

And then my parents decisions focus on us. They move us across the state line from Missouri to Kansas for better schools. We move into a big, beautiful house in a neighborhood called Mission Hills. I become aware of the man who built this neighborhood early in my childhood. His name is J.C. Nichols. It's on street signs in Kansas City. And there's a big public fountain named after him. I grew up thinking he was wonderful and important and cared about beauty and long lasting quality architecture. I am told that when the house we live in was built, Black people and Jews could not have lived in it. 

And I'm told that's just how it was then. It's no longer enforceable. 

Then five years ago, I'm reading this book. It's actually a book my mom sent me in the mail written by Tanner Colby. And there's a chapter about J.C. Nichols. And for the first time I read these words, "J.C. Nichols died in 1950, but his plan for permanence lives on. His racial covenants are still with us, auto-renewing year after year. Like some horrible gym membership we'll never get out of." And for the first time, I read about how J.C. Nichols is known for perfecting the all white neighborhood by using racial covenants, meaning that the property deeds for all the houses in his neighborhoods included this line, "None of said land may be conveyed to, used, owned or occupied by Negroes as owners or tenants. His racial covenants became all the rage. 

Developers all over the country mimicked neighborhoods like Mission Hills. J.C. Nichols became so influential that coming out of the Great Depression when the federal government was deciding who should get low interest mortgages to stimulate home buying and building. They brought J.C. Nichols into the Oval Office to advise, and they copied whole sections of his company handbook right into their brand new policies. The policies that became known as redlining and redlining influenced the value of housing for decades into the '50s when returning world war II vets were looking to buy property. That's when suburbs took off. 

And then I read this, "the suburban land grab of the 20th century was one of the single greatest engines of wealth creation in human history. It took a country of second and third generation white ethnic immigrants, vaulted them into the middle class and sent all their kids to college. I know I was naive. Shouldn't everyone assume what they have comes at the expense of other people? We live in America. This is its foundation. But it's one thing to know this generally and another to see the specific ways what I have came at the expense of others. For my parents, though, it's not that big of a deal. My family needs to reckon with what we're harboring, what we've inherited and are maintaining as an intergenerational wealth management system, a.k.a. a white family. I want to help my parents let go of this idea of themselves as innocent and disconnected from J.C. Nichols' legacy, because we're not innocent living on land, that, first of all, is stolen from indigenous people and then made into neighborhoods where people of color were kept out. Stripping those families of the chance to buy property to pass on to their children, like my parents plan to pass on their house to me. We are not innocent owning a home that continues to appreciate in value on this land. 

[light guitar]

Kaitlin Prest:

Please forgive this brief interruption. We'll be right back. 


Phoebe's dad:

But, it doesn't mean, it didn't change anything I did related —

Phoebe's mom:

Well, that's what I'm saying! 

Phoebe's dad:  

But it still made you feel —

Phoebe's mom:

Okay okay when I —

Phoebe:

Made you feel what? 

Phoebe's dad:

Well you know uh, icky isn't the right...word, but I just I thought it was bad, you know? I mean, because I like to sit in this house sometimes and wonder well, okay. Like in the thirties people were living here in our house, it pretty much looks — most of it looks exactly the same as it did—

Phoebe's mom:

And we know that a Democrat bought our House. 

Phoebe's dad:

They were probably —

Phoebe's mom:

And so they were probably like Roosevelt supporters. And he was written up in the Democrat Review. 

Phoebe's dad:

But you know that when they signed the paperwork, they knew it was in those covenants. 

Phoebe's mom:

How do you know? 

Phoebe's dad:

Because it was part of the current document. 

Phoebe's mom:

They didn't advertise it!

Phoebe:

Mom! I looked at advertisements for Mission Hills that say — 

Phoebe's mom:

Not advertisements. When? 

Phoebe:

It's in the fucking book. 

Phoebe's mom:

[incredulously] It says '“no Black people”? 

Phoebe:

No. It says live in a neighborhood with the most desirable associations, which at the time is very obviously racially coded language to say other high society white people. 

Phoebe's mom:

That means rich poeple, it doesn't mean —

Phoebe:

Look I —

Phoebe's mom:

It doesn't mean Black people! 

Phoebe's mom:

You do, I do have to say, it sounds like you're in denial. 

Phoebe's mom:

No, I'm not. I'm not in denial —

Phoebe:

Both of you. The fact that you want to dispute the facts rather than just —

Phoebe's mom:

No —

Phoebe:

I'm not getting through to my parents because I think I feel like I need a different approach. 

I need to have this basic conversation with my parents about how their choices affect other people that aren't us. They make choices. Other white parents make choices. And it doesn't really matter if their motives are all the same. But, these choices become part of larger patterns. I make a list for easy digestion and call it: the tenants of white parenthood.

[smooth light fun music]

You say you believe in equality, justice or anti-racism, but you make choices that support racist, unjust and unequal systems. 

You think that your worldview is neutral and should be considered the default? You assume everyone thinks like you do or shares your experience, you expect people to empathize with your experience. You are rewarded socially and financially for appearing normal or good. When asked to divest from repressive structures that benefit you, you become outraged. You have decided there is one primary power dynamic to struggle against: sexism. You feel entitled to safety. You think safety is a good alibi or justification for making choices. But you haven't unpacked how safety is subjective and how your idea of safety might rely on racist stereotypes that uphold the existence of police.

[music fades]

I share this list with my mom and she loses it. 

Phoebe's mom:

I didn't say that there is not a white value system, but I don't belong to it! Is what I'm trying to tell you. 

Phoebe:

Well then, how- how  the fuck do I belong to it? If you don't?

Phoebe's mom:

Because you want to, maybe you want to belong to it. I don't know. 

Phoebe:

Mom, no. 

[aruging over each other] 

Phoebe's mom:

I don't. I don't belong —

Phoebe:

Then why do I belong to it? 

Phoebe's mom:

I do not believe that I have a white value system. I have a life value system, you know? The way I want to live my life. But it has nothing to do with me being white. And yes, my values show by my actions. But moving to this neighborhood to raise my kids is my choice as a mom, not as a white mom! That's a mom choice. That's not a white mom choice. And that's what I think the difference is that you're asking, why are you in that? And I'm not. It's because you're looking for that connection, because you want to see if you can see your way to the end of that. That I don't see this is one of the reasons why this is frustrating —

Phoebe:

So you think the difference between us is I am looking critically at myself and the way that I was raised and the way that I have I have lived my life. And you're not. And I think that's true. 

Phoebe's mom:

Well, I have I - I don't see...

Phoebe:

We start going in circles and I realize that my voice is strained. I'm practically yelling at her and she's yelling at me. I complained to my sister about this dynamic. I think I might get some sympathy from her. But, she also feels like I'm attacking her when I ask her questions about the same things. 

Phoebe's sister:

But I feel like when you talk about this with your friends, it's like a dialogue and with me it's like an interview and it just makes me feel a little bit like standoffish about it honestly. 

I don't want it to be like this. Like, I'm just blaming my family. So instead of trying to be right and fighting with information and facts, I think I should try telling my mom how I feel. I want to try being really honest with my mom and showing her that it's also been hard for me to realize some of the things I'm trying to get her to see. I want her to feel like we're kind of in it together. 

Phoebe:

[to her mom] I think that like something I've learned along this process, is that like being sort of like indignant and... I feel like my original approach sometimes is like, here are the facts. And like, you need to agree with me. 

Phoebe's mom:

Yeah. Mmm hmm. 

Phoebe:

And feeling like maybe I haven't been coming from, like, my own emotional place. 

Phoebe's mom:

Yeah and well, it puts people on the defensive I think is the point. You know, it's- it's the problem is- it's hard to have a conversation when you feel like you're being um, attacked. I think that's probably part of... 

Phoebe:

Yeah. 

Phoebe's mom:

How I felt about it. Yeah. I mean, cause you're asking my opinion about something but then when I give my answer, then it's not good enough. So I feel like... 

Phoebe:

Yeah. And so I kinda want to like not, like try to do it without that being a thing. And so like I was just gonna tell you a little bit about sort of like where I'm - why I continue to have this conversation or like try to have this conversation. 

Phoebe:

[narrating] I explained to her how in my life I've come to these realizations that I'm complicit, that initially make me feel guilty. But then the guilt becomes fuel that helps me take responsibility and get educated and get involved in organizing efforts and think about ways to give up power. I tell her I give monthly donations to Black and Brown organizers. And every time I hear about someone in an unjust situation, I immediately give on the level that I can, 20 dollars or 50 dollars. It's not much, but I do it. And this is what I want her to do too, on her level. 

Phoebe:

[to her mom] I mean, I think I’m — it’s never like you're not I don't feel like I've arrived or something like it's ongoing. But like, to me it feels important, like to acknowledge that, like, these things are real. These like systems are real. 

Phoebe's mom:

But see, Phoebe —

Phoebe:

And and we have like a part in them. 

Phoebe's mom:

Yeah, but Phoebe, I don't, okay, so that's fine that you think that. And I'm glad that you do and I'm glad that you're trying to figure that out. But I don't - I don't have the same set of circumstances. I don't look at those same circumstances and see the same blame. You know, I don't. I think I mean- and I know part of it is because I just I feel like, you know, we have a obligation in this country to vote for people that we think are doing the right things and that they represent us...

Phoebe:

It's like for you, you're like, it's out kind of outside of you?


Phoebe's mom:

That's not outside of me. No, that's not that's not what I said. What I just said was we have an obligation to elect people who represent us and who do what we need them to do for us. And when I say "us" I don't mean me, I mean all of us. I mean every person, people who take it seriously, that they live someplace where they have a voice, OK? And so I know the limit. I know my limits. I mean, I know what I can do. I can vote. I can support people who, you know, who who I think are good. And I speak out against people who I think are are not good. But I don't - I don't get so large that I can't see the difference between what I can do and what I can't do. I know how far I can go. I know who I am. And I know how much I can do. And I know that that's limited. 

Phoebe:

[narrating] For her, it's about voting for me that's not enough. Which reminds me that we think about power very differently. That I think about the things I have the responsibility to do. And she just doesn't see those same things as her responsibility or within her control. It's partly about our different vocabulary. And it's partly about our political education and different life experiences. I think it's partly about something I don't know if I'll ever be able to know. It's so frustrating to me that we haven't been able to get through this first step so we can begin to talk about the next part, the reparations. So I do what I used to do when I was an angry teenager and I was swirling in the aftermath of a vicious fight with my mom. I call my dad. 

Phoebe's dad:

Ya know, the neighborhood thing is problematic because you can understand it. You can be appalled by what the guy did, but as far as taking it to the next step, realistically, I mean, if you're... what else can you really can you really do? 

Phoebe

I mean, I said what what you can do, which is like do it now or do it later, put it in your will that like the house goes to like someone who who- no one in their family has ever owned property, You know, like for for someone who's been pushed out of those systems which are like wealth generating and like inheritance generating systems in our country, your house automatically goes to someone like that and they don't want to pay - You know, they just have to pay the utilities or you leave a fund for that family to pay the utilities. That's a way. Like that's a thing you could do  

Phoebe's dad:

That would be gigantic, I don't think - I think I would approach it in a different way. 

Phoebe:

If enough people in Mission Hills did that, how incredible would that be? Like we're turning the neighborhood over. We don't want to profit off these houses. We don't want to pass them on to our children. And now it'll be someone else's neighborhood. And they they can do what they want with it. 

Phoebe's dad:

Well yeah that would be like a game changer huge thing. That's interesting. 

Phoebe:

It's like kind of depressing to me when when people like you and mom who have the resources that I don't have are kind of like, well, what can we really do? I'm like, you have so much. 


Phoebe's dad:

I see that. 

Phoebe:

[narrating] I know you might be like, but isn't your parents money your money? And I do want to talk about my proximity to my parents resources. How it is in my family is that my parents would help me out if I need money, but if I tell them no, I'm good. But I know lots of people who are struggling and could use help. Suddenly, they're less generous. I've considered lying and saying I need the money, but my mom always thinks I'm lying. So if I asked for money for something she doesn't just like Venmo me, she makes sure it gets to the right place. 

And yeah, I could probably get around this, but I'm more interested in making them see why they should be OK with giving their money away to a stranger or to my friend. 

At least my dad is listening. And I know it's not much, but I'm not going to give up. I feel determined to keep having these conversations. My friends who are people of color have done the really hard work of bringing me along and helping me see what I couldn't before. I feel like this work of keeping my family uncomfortable is the least I can do. This is how I want love between white people in my life to look,. 

Phoebe's mom:

…You know why? Because I had no control over how I was raised. OK, so that leads me to my closing statement, which is: wait until you have your own child. Because you probably would really feel offended if your child said you're not bad for a white mother. [phoebe laughts] I mean, to me, I think, you know, I would rather just be a mother. 

Phoebe:

Mom, can I just tell you that you are not bad for a white mom? 

Phoebe's mom:

THANKS PHOEBE. 

Phoebe:

But you're also not bad for a mom. 

Phoebe's mom:

Yeah, okay I feel a lot better now. 

Phoebe:

I think that I just... [fades out]

[narrating] My mom is right. She had no control over how she was raised, but she did choose to raise me how she did. And maybe she's right in that I won't get through to her until I show her that I can raise another generation without these tenants of white parenthood. I don't know if I'm gonna have my own kids, but I do think a lot about the next generation, how to ensure that anyone who comes after me, whether they're my own children or not, will not inherit these beliefs and behaviors. I think it's up to me and other white people to do this, to stop these patterns. I always tell my parents that if I do inherit the house, I'll give it away, to attempt to drain the power and value imbued in the house by J.C. Nichols' racist policies. But I hope I don't have to wait that long. 

[pause with music] 

Phoebe's grandma:

śmietnik is the Polish word for a heap of garbage. 

Phoebe:

[narrating] I love when my grandma tells me this story that she remembers from before the war. 

Phoebe's grandma:

You want me to tell you this story about my aunt? 

Phoebe:

[narrating] About her aunt who wanted to marry a man her family thought was beneath them, and her aunt fights back by calling him this. 

Phoebe's grandma:

He was a rose growing on a śmietnik.

Phoebe:

[narrating] When I think of how my family and other white suburban families have financially benefited from racist housing policies, I feel like we're śmietnik. Giving up your home to someone you don't know might sound like a wild ask, but it's actually a quite logical way to reconcile this history. To choose to plant a rose on all the śmietnik, and pass along the keys. 

This was the third episode of Race Traitor. Next time I'm in search of a real race traitor. 

Stephanie Hofeller:

The one thing that my father could not do that you really kind of have to do in order to obtain forgiveness is you have to fucking confess.

[reflective string music]

Kaitlin Prest:

Race Traitor is a serialized mini season of The Heart produced by Phoebe Unter. Sharon Mashihi is the editor of this series with additional editorial support from Nicole Kelly and me, Kaitlin Prest. Thank you to Phoebe's parents, her sister Sophie, and her beloved grandma Eva. And as always, I guess I want to say that by making this work, we're not asking you to agree with everything that we're saying in this, but we are asking you to sit in the discomfort that some of these topics bring up for you and bring that discomfort to conversations that you have with other people who are thinking about these things. 

If it makes you angry, if it makes you feel defensive, if it makes you uncomfortable. All of those things are great springboards for conversations that will be really generative for you and people that you know. So that is my invitation to you. This episode featured writing from a book by Tanner Colby. Find links to the text and other resources that guided and inspired Phoebe at theheartradio.org. There are also resources that reflect what's happening right now on our web site for white people who are looking to get more educated and involved in confronting white supremacy with their time and bodies and dollars. 

The Heart is Phoebe Unter, Nicole Kelly, Sharon Mashihi, Chiquita Pasqual and me, Kaitlin Prest. 

You can follow us on Twitter and Instagram @theheartradio. And if you think the work we're doing is important, then don't hesitate to support us with your cash dollars. You can donate at theheartradio.org You can follow me at Kaitlin Prest. You can follow the company, Mermaid Palace, which is the home of this show and other shows that you might love at Mermaid Palace Art on Instagram. OK. 

This is bye. The Heart is a proud member of Radiotopia. 


can we be friends? (2 of 4)

In a community with a strict “no new white friends” policy, Phoebe asks: how does my being white affect our relationship?

Part 2 of a 4 part series. Produced by Phoebe Unter, edited by Sharon Mashihi and hosted by Kaitlin Prest. Additional editorial support from Nicole Kelly, Kamala Puligandla and Kaitlin Prest. 

Thank you to Nicole Kelly & Kamala Puligandla for having the conversations that shaped this episode.

 
NK, Phoebe & Kamala at a residency in Point Arena, CA in 2018.

NK, Phoebe & Kamala at a residency in Point Arena, CA in 2018.

 

This episode featured an excerpt from an essay about romance by Kamala Puligandla.

Music you heard in this episode: “Beanbag Fight” and “We Win” by Scanglobe, “Les Fleurs” by Minnie Riperton & “I’ve Got it Bad (and that Ain’t Good)” performed by Nina Simone.

Below is a list of texts & resources that helped Phoebe shape the ideas articulated in this series, which takes its name from the ‘90s journal edited by John Garvey & Noel Ignatiev. Many Race Traitor contributors now work on Hard Crackers.

The book Whites, Jews & Us by Houria Bouteldja, described aptly as a “polemical call for a militant antiracism grounded in the concept of revolutionary love.”

Survey for White Artists by Latham Zearfoss & Ruby T, which compiles white artists’ (very smart) responses to questions like Where do you locate whiteness within your work? What is the effect of your white identity on your practice?

The entire body of work of Mandy Harris Williams a.k.a. @idealblackfemale, a theorist, multimedia conceptual artist, writer, educator, radio host and internet/community academic who investigates the connections between white supremacy and desirability, and lovingly/brilliantly calls out all kinds of bullshit including racist algorithms.

Eula Biss’s essay White Debt in the New York Times, which talks about raising white children and responds to Claudia Rankine’s essay The Condition of Black Life is One of Mourning by purporting that the condition of white life in America might be complacency, complicity, debt or forgotten debt.

The book Memoir of a Race Traitor by Mab Segrest.

The podcast/series Seeing White by John Biewen featuring Chenjerai Kumanyika is an excellent primer on the “buried” history of whiteness.

Chenjerai & Sandhya Dirks’ lecture All Stories Are Stories About Power has been extremely influential in my thinking about journalism. So has Lewis Wallace’s series (and book) The View From Somewhere, which breaks down the white supremacist construct of objectivity.

Sara Ahmed on whiteness. Negroes are Anti-Semitic Because They’re Anti-White by James Baldwin. Margaret Hagerman’s research on how white children are raised in the book White Kids. The 8 White Identities by Barnor Hesse. Tamara K. Nopper on white anti-racists. The characteristics of white supremacy culture, which were written by Tema Okun & Kenneth Jones for the workbook Dismantling Racism. The essay White People, You Have a Lying Problem by Talynn Kel. This essay by Kim McLarin on the possibility of friendships between Black & white women.

Lastly, Phoebe wants to acknowledge that this work is not in itself an anti-racist action. It is meant only  to describe her experience. She made this in the hope that it would be useful for other people confronting white culture in themselves, their communities or the world, where there’s plenty of it.

She invites white people to join *actual* collective movement against white supremacy. Check out Community Ready Corps Allies & Accomplices and Make Yourself Useful. Wanna redistribute your generational wealth? Maybe start with Resource Generation. Give reparations to Black & Indigenous people.

transcript

Kaitlin Prest:

From Mermaid Palace and Radiotopia, welcome to The Heart. 

[light drum beat like a heart beat] 

I'm Kaitlin Prest and this is Race Traitor, a Mini Season. This is episode two: Can We Be Friends? 

If you haven't listened to episode one, you should go back and start from the beginning. So last time Phoebe introduced herself and took us through her white upbringing, Phoebe feels behind or late to many realizations about herself as a white person. Many of her friends who aren't white are reluctant experts in detecting white bullshit. In this episode, Phoebe asks them some questions. Here's Phoebe. [theme music fades out]

Phoebe:

[narrating] A lot of my friends don't particularly want to be friends with white people.

[Phoebe laughs while talking to Kamala] You said there are a lot of white women in your life, your time changed, your priorities changed. You were kind of looking at your life and you were like, these are the people that are not really, like, adding that much value to my life. 

Kamala:

That was it. And I wasn't befriending white women because I didn't think that they were going to help me with my personal growth and who I wanted to become. That was the main reason. 

Phoebe:

[narrating] This is my fearless writer friend, Kamala. When people meet Kamala, they’re first taken with her jet-black mohawk, and then she speaks and they're taken with how self-possessed she is. 

Kamala:

It wasn't just because I experienced them as like a resource and time-suck, which I did. But it was like beyond like whatever negative effects they had… they just, I just saw that they didn't have any of the, like, aspirational qualities that I like, had for myself. 

Phoebe:

Yeah, but then. But I was different?

Kamala:

Yeah. I mean, you're still different. 

I feel like you were different. You were different because I felt like you were on the same tip and you were like, oh yeah, like white people aren't going to be the ones who help me arrive at my, like, best self. And that, like, I thought that you were maybe even ahead of me in certain things. I think when I met you, I was like, oh, Phoebe's prepared to live the radical politics that everyone else just talks and that, like, you seemed fully, like, not afraid of what you would have to do to be the white person who is allowed in these spaces. 

Phoebe:

[narrating] If you're excited to see how I won't live up to this rosy picture. Kamala has of me… we'll get there. Don't worry, the bubble of the exceptional white will be burst. But first, what do you have to do to be a white person allowed in these spaces?

[upbeat synth rock Race Traitor theme begins]

Phoebe:

I'm talking to my friend NK about a gathering she had. 

NK:

I only invited, there was only one white person there. And it's like if that white person gets to be there, because I like 100 percent trust that I know they're not going to say anything out of pocket. Like I know that. I don't have to worry about them. I don't have to worry about them feeling uncomfortable or making anyone else uncomfortable. Most of my friends, I think, know not to say anything, but it's more like how are they going to, like, move through the space and how are they going to, like, center themselves or not center themselves? 

Phoebe:

[narrating] I like to think of myself as the kind of person NK could invite to a party like this. 

NK:

It's like I have allowed you into my intimate — literal, intimate space or theoretical or ideological space, like we shared intellectual space or whatever. 

Phoebe:

[narrating] My relationship with the NK is really important to me. 

We've been making radio together for several years. 

NK:

[playful archival tape from a begone recording sesh] I'm NK. 

Phoebe:

She's NK

NK:

She's Phoebe.

Phoebe:

I'm Phoebe. [NK and Phoebe laugh]

Phoebe:

[narrating] And we've become good friends in the process.

[an excerpt from NK & Phoebe's podcast bitchface plays in the background, Phoebe says: We love you, NK says: stay punk]

Phoebe:

I want to know what she really thinks of me and how she feels around me, because I don't want to be someone who causes her grief. 

[to NK] I guess I'm curious if there's times when you've been like mehhhh. I'm not so sure. Like where it's been. Kind of like we're moving toward like a deeper something, and you're kind of like considering whether or not I can go there with you. 

NK:

I think, Yeah. I mean, I have thought that, yeah. Umm, You know, I don't know, in the last like couple years. I guess as I've gotten just more critical of the white people around me, I feel like I'm definitely like more critical of you and some of the things that you do or say especially as I feel like a lot of people have this experience where some of the things that are most like charming about you and are fun and funny. Are also, like, inextricably linked to, like, your being a white woman. And...

Phoebe:

I'll tell you what NK is talking about. She's talking about these sort of outrageous things that I do, and it's not necessarily even the fact that I do them. It's the way I brag about them afterwards.

[dancey music begins]

Like the time I keyed an egregiously heterosexual engaged couples’ Audi at the beach and then came to a gathering of friends at a bar and showed them pictures. The way I will antagonize a bro at a bar, like make fun of him to his face. But he usually thinks I'm just flirting with him and I can just like, eviscerate his terrible personality, and he just stands there and takes it. My habit of stealing expensive triple creme cheeses from Whole Foods. The time friends and I drunkenly confronted a white woman wearing a native headdress at a diner at four a.m. and started a fight that escalated to me squirting her with ketchup. The time I said fuck off to an off duty cop at a Christmas party. 

[narrating] OK, you get it, confrontational, bad girl antagonism, that I'm able to get away with because I am white. It is fueled by genuine rage. And it's not just a hollow ploy for social acceptance in radical spaces, but it does stem from the fact that as a white person, I know I'll never truly be edgy or punk. So I'm louder and showier about the ways I say fuck you to oppressive norms. And for my Black and Brown friends who would face far greater consequences for getting caught doing these things, it reveals my lack of self-awareness. It's a time when they have to be like, do we tell her, if we're not telling her? Are we responsible for condoning this behavior? [music stops]

And then there are these other things, things that in NK's other friendships might be totally innocuous or just inconvenient. But because I'm white, It gets complicated. Careless things, [bassey synth music starts] or things I do when I'm not totally paying attention: being late, interrupting. They have the potential to take on this other meaning that I don't value her time, or I don't see her, or I see her as less than. 

It's related to the historical power dynamics between Black and white women that live in the shadows of our friendship. When someone comes up to both of us at a work event and only addresses me or when white people we're working with assume I'm the leader. These are the kinds of situations we figured out how to navigate over the years. Involving things NK always notices and has to think about that I am now very aware of too. But even so, it's generally hard for her to trust me. 

NK:

[to Phoebe] I think that there's been like a sort of shift in how like we, we like meaning the group of people that we share and like have like traveled with or have spent time together. I think, like the conversations that like we have had about our white friend who is you, have, like, have also changed. 

Phoebe:

[narrating] I focus on making sure my face muscles aren't letting on how my stomach just dropped when she says this, that sometimes she and Kamala or other friends talk about the ways it can be stressful being my friend. NK has a recording lying around of one of these conversations she once had with Kamala.

[bar sounds, music and talking in the background]

Kamala:

[to NK] So I don't always trust what she says either, and we have a history of her saying a thing and then it not happening. Her being unable to do it, it not being or it being like a half assed version of the thing and like her wanting credit for having tried. And I feel like that also is this. I don't know why I feel like that it's tied up in whiteness but I don't know that it could be entirely... 

NK:

[to Phoebe]…because I think that like because we all are friends and like want to continue to be friends. The ideal scenario is not like, oh, we just all decide not to be friends with Phoebe. But it becomes like a conversation of like what kind of like labor are we willing to do for, like, this particular white person? 

[bar sounds, music and people talking]

NK:

[to Kamala] I feel like she has to be like held accountable. 

Kamala:

[to NK] That's how I feel too! 

NK:

[to Kamala] When we see, like, these things occurring and...

Phoebe:

[narrating] I'm wary of asking NK to do more labor for me in this very conversation. But I want to know where is that line for her with me? 

NK:

[to Phoebe] I mean, I guess I'll admit to you like, like I said, like, I have dropped white people from my life, and I feel like in our relationship it's more like I observe you doing or not doing certain things or not seeing certain things that I am seeing. And sometimes I tell you about it and, we can talk about it. 

And other times I just —

Adjust my expectations, [NK inhales] which does have an effect on like how intimate it can be or how deep it can go. 

But the alternative is, doing an amount of labor that I don't feel that I should have to do or that I just don't want to do anymore. Like It's not only about caring about you or not caring about you or our friendship. It's more just about like self-preservation. Like I’m just reserving my energy after, like, many years of catering to white people and centering whiteness. 

Like, I just can't do that anymore. And then I also like have to be friends with, like I also. I can't do that anymore. And I also like choose to be friends with you. [NK laughs] 

Phoebe:

It's hard for me to hear NK explicitly state this barrier to our intimacy. It's not cruel of her at all. It's actually really reasonable. And I support her not catering to white people. Adjusting expectations is what we do all the time with friends. But it feels hard to know that I might do something I don't even really notice. And it sends her calculating and making adjustments. I don't want there to be this obstacle. I don't want my behavior to be an obstacle to our closeness. [lo-fi rock race traitor theme begins]. 

And I do wonder if it's possible to overcome this. [music plays and then slowly fades]

I am in a relationship where we tried this, removing this barrier. 

[now in conversation with Kamala] When you met me, you were like not trying to date white women?

Kamala:

Yeah. No, I wasn't. 

Phoebe:

But you felt like it was...

[narrating] I should acknowledge that the historical racial power dynamics in my friendship with Kamala are different than those between NK and I. 

One of the first times Kamala and I hung out. We bonded over our grandmothers’ imprisonment during World War Two. Hers in a Japanese internment camp in Utah and mine in Auschwitz. This isn't to downplay our differences. There are so many ways that our subjectivities were formed differently. But her distrust in white women is based in different experiences than NK's. There was another thing that was different about my friendship with Kamala. When we first met…

[warbling synth starts to pulse]

I was deeply attracted to her. I was also baby queer and hadn't dated a woman before. And I was terrified of just saying, I like you. So I did all kinds of ridiculous things to show her that I was into her, like sending her a folder of nudes attached to an email where I pretended I was her boss, which she never responded to, and boldly making out with her at a drunken daytime dance party. 

But eventually... we fell in love. 

Kamala is a very talented writer of love stories, so I'll let her tell you what finally won her over. [throbbing techno fades out and the sound of waves and wind fades in]

Kamala:

[reading] It wasn't until we were at a residency on the foggy cliffs of the Mendocino Coast and I saw her quiet private side, the one that makes beautiful drawings in her journal, reads all day in bed and thoughtfully builds a fire or makes breakfast for her companions that I began to think of her as a real person, the kind I could feel romance with. Somehow those sides of Phoebe combined into a mythologically amazing woman, we both couldn't resist. Her vision of me was equally inspiring. [tinkling piano keys begin to play a harmonious melody] She treated me like the preeminent writer and thinker I've always felt I was destined to be. Plus, she was unintimidated by the idea of providing love and pleasure to me, a woman seven years her senior with high standards and stringent tastes in everything from bar company to text diction.

[jazzy piano fades out]

Phoebe:

And as we began our relationship, we agreed that Kamala was going to do the labor of telling me things that I did that she saw, that maybe I didn't notice this white behavior. We committed to this level of work and honesty because we were going to be each other's homes. And the intimacy would make it worth it. I wanted to decenter my perspective and consider how Kamala saw me and my life. I didn't want to get defensive. I wanted to fully internalize the idea that these kinds of critiques come from a place of love. I trusted that Kamala's feedback about me was necessary for her to feel seen in our relationship. I wasn't delusional enough to think we could remove whiteness from the equation entirely.

[lo-fi rock theme of race traitor begins]

I just wanted us to be close. 

Kaitlin Prest:

Please forgive this brief interruption. We'll be right back.

[lo-fi rock theme fades out]

Phoebe:

[narrating] So here we were in love and embarking on an exciting romance. 

[to Kamala] But then, as time went on and we got closer, you felt like you saw that I wasn't actually ready to live the radical politics that I espoused. 

Kamala:

I think that, it wasn't that you weren't ready, it was that you didn't know what some of those things were. 

Phoebe:

[narrating] Our ideas of what living these radical politics looked like were different. 

One of the first times I bring Kamala around other people in my life that we don't share. It's this dinner party on my friend's rooftop. 

Kamala:

That time you invited me to that Seder was the first time I realized that, like you spent a lot of time with and were very close with a group of friends who were white, and I didn't know that. Which is a weird thing for me to not know. But it was also a thing that I think you maybe hadn't thought to like, reveal or like tell. And that's exactly what I mean by, like, the ways that whiteness like functions as like a certain kind of normalcy. 

Phoebe:

At this pretty large dinner party, Kamala is one of like two people of color. [deep bass begins to pulse]

She doesn't know anyone besides me and everyone's talking about their religious upbringings, which fit neatly into two categories, Jews and Catholics. [throbbing bass continues] And Kamala is the only one not saying anything. And there's this moment where everyone kind of gets quiet and someone's like, well, what about you? To her. And she's like, totally put on the spot to explain her ethnic and religious background. 

Kamala felt blindsided because I had represented myself as someone who didn't have friends like this. 

Kamala:

You don't have to like come out as white. Right. And so you didn't. And so I didn't know. Not to say I didn't know you were white, but like I didn't know that you had, like, culturally white, like close friends. 

Phoebe:

[to Kamala] Well, and then, what is complicated and what. I don't think I can get into in this time of this story is that like. Then I dumped all those friends. And so, like I do kind of feel like... 

[narrating] It wasn't just that one dinner party. There were other things, these friends were unwilling to confront the idea that they were centering themselves at the expense of Kamala's comfort. And what that said about them. I laugh about it now, but at the time it felt like a big shift. Giving up friendships with people I'd been close to for years and processing multiple friend breakups at once. But I also kind of dealt with it like they were an infestation, like getting rid of them would rid me of the problems Kamala had with my white behavior. But that wasn't the case. When Kamala's critiques were actually about me, it was a lot harder to take. [throbbing bassey music begins] Like, this one night that we reference all the time where we were out on a walk and Kamala kept asking me over and over again the same question, what did I want to do in this relationship? 

Kamala:

[to Phoebe] Yeah, I wanted to know what you want to get out of it or like what you wanted to do with me, specifically with me. 

Phoebe:

[to Kamala] Right. And I like kept avoiding your question. And then we got to your apartment. And I remember it was really hot. [Kamala laughs] 

Kamala:

It was always really hot in that apartment 

Phoebe:

I immediately like took off all of my clothes and laid down on your green couch that I love. 

Kamala:

I mean, that was like your regular move, was you would come into my apartment. You'd like throw your shit on the floor, take off all your clothes and lie down on the couch. 

Phoebe:

Yes, I was hogging the whole couch and you couldn't even sit on it. And then you asked me the question again, what did I want out of the relationship?

[bassey music continues]

Kamala:

You were like "I'm just going to, you know, like, you want an answer, I'm going to give you an answer." And you're like: "I want to do whatever I want to."

[music stops] 

Phoebe:

I want to know, like, how you felt in that moment. 

Kamala:

Well, in the moment, I felt like you did not have to ask permission for anything, that you felt very entitled to my life, to my stuff, to me, and that you wouldn’t need to, like, earn any of it. Like, I kind of felt like you thought that I was just like this open resource for you to, like, climb into and grab the things you need when you wanted to. And it's just available, I mean, especially when you're just, like, naked on my couch. Like, chilling. 

Phoebe:

Yeah. It was not a good look for me. 

Kamala:

I mean, I thought it was hilarious. I remember laughing because I thought that that was like, like what a lack of self-awareness to be like to be in this position, [laughing] to be like, [echoes] "I'm going to do whatever I want to." 

Phoebe:

Had you encountered that in someone who wasn't white… would it have been a problem? 

Kamala:

I think it would have felt really different if it were someone who weren't white. I would be like, oh, this person is giving themselves… they're empowering themselves to not shut down their options, which is the thing that, like, you were probably in some way, if you're a person of color raised to do and you were probably raised to like kill some of your own hopes so someone else doesn't do it for you. And also, like, pick the route that you think is going to have the least resistance so that you can get it. And that doesn't cause you immense pain because you just want to get it. You don't want to have to, like, build a new way to do it every single time. 

So I think if it were a person of color, I'd been like, there's something else going on here. Let's find out what it is. But it felt sort of impenetrable with you because there wasn't necessarily, I think that you thought you were in that position, too, is what I'm saying. So I think that you also thought you were empowering yourself as a woman, to like, not be controlled by a relationship and to like not shut down hopes and desires that you wanted and like not be confined or constrained by other people as you felt that you had been before. So, like, I think that you thought you were in that position and like. I recognize that. And then also I'm like, but that's coming from a very different place. You're not like throwing off the same kinds of like social expectations or treatment that other people who are people of color are.

[starry synth music begins]

Phoebe:

Let's talk about shame. 

A lot of shame comes up working through all this, acknowledging the ways I did perpetuate white supremacy culture in my relationship with Kamala, that I didn't live up to her idea of how I had said it would be dating me. 

I said I had confronted a lot of this shit already and I thought I had because I had worked through it intellectually and understood how certain actions reflect white supremacy. But I hadn't studied the nuanced ways this lives in me.

[starry synth fades out]

My experience of shame is connected to a larger narrative of white shame and white guilt. I know people see white guilt and white shame as the source of white people's malaise. But I think it's important to sit with guilt and shame if your white to not avoid it, feeling shame has led me to investigate things like why it's so easy for me to feel confident or why I expect to get what I want in a culture that constantly affirms my behavior.

I'm ashamed of being like this. 

And then I'm ashamed of being ashamed because I know my shame takes up oxygen in a room. It only makes my white offenses more burdensome to my Black and Brown friends. But I know I need to confront my shame so I can move through it. And this feels complicated too, because moving through shame feels like a project of self acceptance. And I'm unsure of how to do that without diminishing the source of the shame, the injustices that continue to provide benefits to me and other white people. 

NKL

…Self acceptance as a goal for white people doesn't interest me at all. Like, that feels like so privileged. Just to want that or expect that when like. I mean, you know you know, you're like intimately acquainted with, I think, like my own, the struggles for self acceptance. That like I feel or that people of color feel it just sort of like it just seems like that shouldn't even be on the table like. You know... 

Phoebe:

Like that it should be the goal is like something more, is like not that is like something different than that. 

NK:

One of the things we're talking about as far as like what we want from white people is like lifelong discomfort, you know, like I don't think you should ever get to, like, feel comfortable. And I don't. I wish that, people who claim to care about anti-racist work were actually putting more of their energy towards that work versus like towards them themselves. And that like accepting that like feeling uncomfortable all the time is like how you should be feeling. And if you're not feeling uncomfortable, then you're probably not doing enough. I just like most people, no ones. I don't feel like anyone's really doing that. 

Phoebe:

Yeah, I know, And I don't. I don't feel like I, I don't feel like I always am. I don't. I don't know that there. What is enough? I think that's like defined by a community and like...

NK:

But I mean enough, Okay. So sure. So I'll say for my definition like enough would mean like are you doing enough like I said, that you feel a sense of loss, a sense of lack, a sense of discomfort or a sense of...do you know what I mean, like have you done? Have you given up something that felt difficult to give up? That felt like it had consequences, material consequences for you that were maybe, were detrimental to your scenario but that, like, directly impacted someone else's or even theoretically impacted someone else's. 

You know, like that could be like turning down a job or turning down a platform or it's like there's lots of things like that, you know. 

Phoebe:

Yeah. No, I have I have thought about that a lot…

[narrating] I came into this conversation wanting to know what I could do to have my friends feel comfortable around me. 

But the work ahead is actually much bigger than that. Because the symbiosis of my relationship with NK depends on what I'm doing to make a world that centers her comfort, her safety, her health and well-being and happiness, not mine. And they're not the same. 

The world we currently live in was built for me in a lot of ways it wasn't for NK and for Kamala.

The world that is for NK and for Kamala is a world I want to exist. 

But in order for that to happen, I have a responsibility to help build that world, knowing it's not for me. I have to sacrifice my comfort, my inheritance, my built in stability. 

I have to give something up. Kamala and I used to talk about this a lot. The giving up part, how it's often framed like that, but that even though it can and probably should feel like a personal loss, it's also an expansion of what is personally yours. [rocky music fades in]

It's a dissolution of the individualism that is foundational to white supremacy. Leaving behind the supposed protections of whiteness also means joining the rest of the world. So next time on Race Traitor, I'm getting into it with the deeper source of my white behavior. The arbiter of my inheritance, the white woman whose womb I came out of. 

My mom. 

Ellen Murphy, Phoebe’s Mom:

I didn't say that there is not a white value system, but I don't belong to it. Is what I'm trying to tell you. 

Phoebe:

Well, you know, how the fuck did I get then? How the fuck do I belong to it? If you don't? 

Ellen:

Because you want to be. Maybe you want to belong to it?

Phoebe:

No.

Phoebe:

Uhhh [phoebe exhales] I feel like I can never lay on your couch. 

Kamala:

You can. 

Phoebe:

No, I'm like, I can take up one square. 

Kamala:

No, phoebe, it's like it's totally fine. [laughing] [Heart theme fades in]

Kaitlin Prest:

Race Traitor is a serialized mini season of the heart produced by Phoebe Unter. Sharon Mashihi edited the series with additional editorial support from Nicole Kelly, Me, Kaitlin Prest and Kamala Puligandla. The Heart is Nicole Kelly, Phoebe under Sharon Mashihi and me, Kaitlin Prest. It is a production of Mermaid Palace and is distributed by Radiotopia. The Heart is now a more than 10 years old queer and feminist institution that once in the long past went by the name of Audio Smut. If you like this show, tell your friends, reviewers and itunes. We need listeners to keep the show alive. And I think that there's a lot of people out there who would like this show that don't know about it yet. 

So tell someone, send it to them. Send them this episode. 

Follow us on Instagram at The Heart radio. If you love this work and you want to support it with your cash dollars, we would greatly appreciate it. You can donate at the heart radio talk. The Heart is a proud member of Radiotopia. 



who taught you to be white? (1 of 4)

Phoebe is surprised to learn that even she, an angry Jewish dyke, still participates in upholding white supremacy culture.


Part 1 of a 4 part series. Produced by Phoebe Unter, edited by Sharon Mashihi and hosted by Kaitlin Prest. Additional editorial support from Nicole Kelly, Kamala Puligandla and Kaitlin Prest. 

Thank you to Ellen Murphy & Steve Unterman, Isa Knafo, Lane Goldszer, Karina Solis, Mara Lazer, Nicole Kelly & Kamala Puligandla for having the conversations you heard in this episode. 

Music you heard in this episode: “Beanbag Fight” and “Concentric” by Scanglobe and “I’ll Be Your Mirror” by the Velvet Underground.

This episode featured the characteristics of white supremacy culture, which were written by Tema Okun & Kenneth Jones for the workbook Dismantling Racism. There was also an excerpt from the essay White People, You Have a Lying Problem, written by Talynn Kel

Below is a list of other texts & resources that helped Phoebe shape the ideas articulated in this series, which takes its name from the ‘90s journal edited by John Garvey & Noel Ignatiev. Many Race Traitor contributors now work on Hard Crackers.


The book Whites, Jews & Us by Houria Bouteldja, described aptly as a “polemical call for a militant antiracism grounded in the concept of revolutionary love.”

Survey for White Artists by Latham Zearfoss & Ruby T, which compiles white artists’ (very smart) responses to questions like Where do you locate whiteness within your work? What is the effect of your white identity on your practice?

The entire body of work of Mandy Harris Williams a.k.a. @idealblackfemale, a theorist, multimedia conceptual artist, writer, educator, radio host and internet/community academic who investigates the connections between white supremacy and desirability, and lovingly/brilliantly calls out all kinds of bullshit including racist algorithms.

Eula Biss’s essay White Debt in the New York Times, which talks about raising white children and responds to Claudia Rankine’s essay The Condition of Black Life is One of Mourning by purporting that the condition of white life in America might be complacency, complicity, debt or forgotten debt.

The book Memoir of a Race Traitor by Mab Segrest.

The podcast/series Seeing White by John Biewen featuring Chenjerai Kumanyika is an excellent primer on the “buried” history of whiteness.

Chenjerai & Sandhya Dirks’ lecture All Stories Are Stories About Power has been extremely influential in my thinking about journalism. So has Lewis Wallace’s series (and book) The View From Somewhere, which breaks down the white supremacist construct of objectivity.

Sara Ahmed on whiteness. Negroes are Anti-Semitic Because They’re Anti-White by James Baldwin. Margaret Hagerman’s research on how white children are raised in the book White Kids. The 8 White Identities by Barnor Hesse. Tamara K. Nopper on white anti-racists.


Lastly, Phoebe wants to acknowledge that this work is not in itself an anti-racist action. It is meant only  to describe her experience. She made this in the hope that it would be useful for other people confronting white culture in themselves, their communities or the world, where there’s plenty of it.

She invites white people to join *actual* collective movement against white supremacy. Check out Community Ready Corps Allies & Accomplices and Make Yourself Useful. Give reparations to Black & Indigenous people.

transcript

Kaitlin Prest:

From Mermaid Palace and Radiotopia welcome to...The Heart, I'm Kaitlin Prest. 

[theme music starts, a drum beating like heart] 

I am speaking to you directly from my parents basement in Canada and I'm here in your ear to introduce you to this series, it's called Race Traitor. 

 [low voice sings with music, music is muffled and continues in background] 

You know, I really, truly have no idea how you all who are listening to this perceive me, but I am somebody who has dedicated my entire career to trying to push diversity in media, who I'm somebody who says that I have progressive politics. I'm somebody whose identity is rooted in standing up for a certain kind of politics and listening to this series forced me to clock where I really am at when it comes to anti-racism and my own privilege as a white person, it kind of shook me a little bit and made me realize how many how far the layers go down and how much the work is never, ever, ever done and how easy it is to, you know, just get settled into the idea that you're doing enough. Basically, yeah. So if you're one of those people like me who pays lip service to a certain kind of politics, you've got to listen to these episodes. Here's Phoebe.

[music fades to silence]

Phoebe

As early as I can remember I've wanted to be the best. As a kid I wanted to win, all the time. In a room full of people, I wanted attention. 

Ellen Murphy (Phoebe's mom):

I mean, I think it's a natural inclination to want to do those things, because I remember vaguely as a kid feeling like when I went into a room full of people thinking, you know, how am I going to win these people over? I have to be funny. I have to be engaging. I have to be. I have to be the center of attention. 

Steve Unterman (Phoebe’s dad):

You really thought about that?

Phoebe:

[narrating] That is my perennially puzzled dad interrupting my mom. She's probably a big part of why I am this way. 

Phoebe:

[On the phone to her mom] Okay. This is what I did too, but not everyone thinks like that. 

Ellen:

Hmm, yeah, that's true. 

Phoebe:

[narrating] I remind my mom, as I often do in the same way I've often had to remind myself that just because you think something doesn't mean everyone else does.

[race traitor theme music: lo-fi rock music reminiscent of Le Tigre begins]

A couple years ago, I was having dinner with my family, and even though we've been having heated discussions pretty much every time we eat dinner together for decades, it's the first time I've been able to get my parents to say anything explicit about being white. [music fades out]

They talk about their childhoods all the time. But this time I specifically asked them how they learned to be white, who taught them? And they're talking about experiences they had where they became aware of their difference from people of other races. It's so unusual. I grab my mic and stick it in my mom's face and then she doesn't want to talk about it anymore. 

Phoebe:

[talking to her parents at the dinner table] Will you answer the question though? I mean, you were already talking about it but... 

Ellen:

Answer what question? 

Phoebe:

The question, how did you learn to be white? 

Ellen:

[sounding annoyed] Oh, turn it off. 

Phoebe:

Why? 

Ellen:

Because I'm not ready to answer. I don't know. 

Phoebe:

I'll play anything if I use it. 

Ellen:

No. no. Just turn it off because I'm not sure exactly what the —

Phoebe:

You were just talking about it. 

Phoebe:

[narrating] Because my parents never talk about being white. They're not good at it. 

Ellen:

Well, but, but, see Phoebe, you can't just. You can't just zero in.  

Steve:

I wonder if it's analogous to what I've always said about religion, that I think other people think more about me being Jewish than I do. I wonder if it's the same with race. 

Phoebe:

It absolutely is. You don't ever think about being white, but like Black people don't have the...

Steve:

[cutting Phoebe off] See, that's why I have a hard time answering. 

Phoebe:

[narrating] Some of the tape from this dinner, I would never play because I'm embarrassed at their lack of self-awareness. And, yes, I realize it probably makes me embarrassed because I'm also embarrassed about my own lack of self-awareness sometimes. It haunts me. When I asked my parents about their experience being white, they think I'm just being annoying. That it's this weird particular hang up of mine. Or they think I'm trying to insult their parenting. They think I'm turning on them. And it's kind of true, I'd like to think I'm turning on their kind. Wealthy white liberals who don't really question having the things that they have. But Phoebe, isn't that you too? If that's how your parents are, some might ask. And the answer is yes, dear friend, you are right. Which is also why I am trying to understand my parents, because I know that their ideology lives in me. 

Phoebe:

A lot of the questions I'm asking occurred to me because of conversations I have with my friends.

[conversation begins in the background] 

One circle of friends in particular. We are a bunch of cranky killjoys who like to read and to party. 

[laughter and general merriment begin quietly in the background]

Phoebe:

And in this group, I'm the only white person. [laughter continues]

And these are some of the everyday type things that I hear. 

Kamala Puligandla:

And I wasn't befriending white women because I didn't think that they were going to help me with my personal growth and who I wanted to become, that was the main reason. It wasn't just because I experience them as like, you know, a resource and time suck, which I did. But it was like beyond like whatever negative..

Nicole Kelly (NK):

I know I talked about, like, people who, white friends who I've lost because I'm like, oh, like I can't talk about being angry about, like racial inequality with you then I'm just like I'm not going to share those experiences with you. But then the second that I start to be like, oh, I can't talk about that with you. That's the beginning of the end of, like, really any sense of real intimacy. 

Phoebe:

That's NK. And before her was Kamala, because I hear these things, I feel responsible for doing something about it, like not replicating patterns of white behavior like this myself, but also talking about it to other white people. And trying to see how white supremacy lives in me as a white person. Now, there's a lot I can see, and I'm still nowhere near done with this process, but it took a lot to get here.

[introspective synth piano and what sounds like rain falling]

I grew up in a white liberal [sounds of children playing] suburban American dream fantasy of multi-culti picture books and tame Martin Luther King Junior quotes about unity written on the blackboard. 

But there was a lot I wasn't taught. I wasn't taught that the founding fathers were liars [echoes] that they wrote all men are created equal and their supposedly radical document, [sound of a bass drum that kind of sounds like a heart beating] the Constitution. But they knew it wasn't true. [heart beat drum sounds punctuate throughout these statements] They owned slaves and intentionally wrote them out of all the benefits of being American. That means we don't live in a democracy, that the property of rich white land owning men has always been the priority. I wasn't taught how their power has always been protected and that all of our systems, the police and the courts, for example, still uphold this original mission. I wasn't taught that the only rights and power poor people and people of color in this country have won were gained in struggle. That was often bloody and unfair and harshly contested. [cymbal/snare drum echoes]

Phoebe:

It wasn't like I couldn't have handled this information as a kid. This harsh toke of reality, because when I was five years old, I was told that my grandma survived the Holocaust. That Nazis in Germany put her family in concentration camps and put people like her family in gas chambers to be killed because they were Jewish. But they didn't talk to me about how when my grandma came to the U.S. after all that, she was treated like a lady in public while Black women were being spat on and that it was upheld by many people and the government as totally legal and acceptable. 

What I did learn as a kid was that other people in my town were blue bloods and wasps. [musical horn sounds]

That's what my dad called them. 

And that was white, white. Whereas we were Jewish, on the fringes. My Christian friends tell me things like: [phoebe impersonating a young wasp classmate] "you'd be really pretty if it weren't for your nose." [in a younger kid phoebe voice] "Yeah, I know."

At the time, I wasn't aware that I felt powerless [fun party music begins] because I couldn't access the benefits of white femininity. So I just thought I was ugly. When I go to college in California, though, where I'm suddenly surrounded by people of many races, it becomes clear that I'm actually regular white [party synth music speeds up] and feminine in more or less the right way. After all, I go to parties and hear things like:. 

creepy stranger:

Hey, sexy, want to dance? 

College dude:

Wanna come back to my room?

Phoebe:

If I want to end the night fucking some stranger. I just wear a slutty outfit and put on a little bit of eyeliner. And it makes me feel powerful for the first time. This eventually wears off. 

creepy stranger:

Hey, Sexy. [music speeds up and then squiggles and becomes high pitched and crescendos and fades out]

Phoebe:

Ugh, get off me. 

Phoebe:

I become a feminist, which also makes me feel powerful in a different way. I'm exposed for the first time to how other people see me. People who aren't white. I'm in journalism school, so I'm sent out into the neighborhoods surrounding my university to look for stories and walking around alone carrying a recorder and a microphone. In south central Los Angeles, [city sounds like traffic and wind] a historically black and brown area. I'm told a lot of things that I shouldn't be there. That it's dangerous for me that I must be exceptionally brave or exceptionally naive. [car horn honks-traffic sounds fade]

Phoebe

I do spend a lot of time listening and I learn from it and I do care about the effect living here has on the people who have lived here for a lot longer. [traffic sounds turn into ambient techno spacey music] And conveniently, my university has an organization for people like me. 

White saviour-college-voice:

[high pitched voice of a college representative selling a program] Hi. Are you feeling bad about having a school police force that keeps you safe and in extreme comfort in the midst of the inner city, feeling weird about privilege but want to be known publicly as a very good person? We have a club for that, sign up here to be a white saviour tutor for black and brown kids. 

Phoebe:

I become a white saviour tutor. I go into people's homes. I'm respected. I'm invited over for dinner. Parents tell their kids to listen to me. And it makes me feel like an ambassador from the world of expensive private education. And I'm proud to represent that. It makes me feel confident and powerful. [ambient techno crescendos and then ends]

We know this story, the story of someone, a white protagonist, who at the beginning feels powerless for any number of reasons. And as things change, they gain a footing. They're propelled forward in a quest for more power. 

And we're supposed to celebrate it to feel good for them. When I reach what I would consider my height of white feminist power, I'm confident and I know what I want from love and from sex. As a dyke, as a feminist who feels like I'm living my politics, that I'm living a liberated life as a woman. I want to take up as much space as possible. [echoing inspirational drum beat begins]

I want to yell and tell off misogynist men. [drum beat turns into upbeat synth piano race traitor theme]

But in the years that would follow, I would see this crumble. 

My understanding of myself as a good feminist, driven by good intentions and my relationship to having this power, my claim to defiance. The first time it was at a party, a party I'm throwing a celebration dedicated to women's orgasms. All my friends are white transplants living in Los Angeles. Someone brings their friends who are brown and actually grew up there. [music continues people chatting in the background] 

We're all getting to know each other. 

Partygoer:

Yeah. So where are you from? 

Phoebe's white-transplant friend:

Oh I'm from New York, but I live in Highland Park. 

Phoebe:

Yeah I'm not from here, but um, I uh live in Boyle Heights. [party music ends]

Local Partygoer:

That's kind of fucked up, that's where my family and I used to live. [heart beats slowly]

Phoebe:

[narrating] My stomach turns. I'm desperate for the moment to pass for someone else to say something. It's so uncomfortable.

[in scene] Fuck uh, I'm sorry… [heart beat ends]

White-transplant friend:

[quietly and echoing fading out] I heard that there's property that’s kinda cheap there...

[quiet rock music begins]

Phoebe:

The conversation picks back up somehow. But I'm not paying attention. My mind is flooded with questions. This is supposed to be a festival celebrating orgasm, but people are like pissed off. Is this whole thing, like kind of a joke. Is it my fault? How responsible am I really for her family getting displaced? What can I even do? Am I a bad person for living there?

[lo-fi rock theme kicks back in]

Kaitlin Prest:

Please forgive this brief interruption. We'll be right back. 

Phoebe:

For weeks. I can't stop thinking about this moment. 

Local LA Party-goer:

[echoes in Phoebe’s head] That's kinda fucked up. 

Phoebe:

I think about what my mom would do. She would probably say that everyone else's problems are not my responsibility. I think about what I want to do, to list all the reasons why I'm not the worst kind of gentrifier. I don't go to that stupid coffee shop. I don't call the cops. I talk to some friends about it who are like, don't worry, it was just an awkward moment. You didn't do anything wrong. But I know that even if I hadn't done anything wrong at the party in that conversation, my presence in my neighborhood wasn't Okay. It wasn't Okay with people who had been displaced. And it wasn't Okay with me. [percussive horn music in background] I decided to become more committed to helping reduce the harmful footprint of my presence in my neighborhood. I join a tenant organizing group. In this community there are lots of queer women of color who speak unapologetically about white bullshit. And I learn to take things less personally, to know and articulate my privileges, to know when it's a good idea to speak and when I should shut the fuck up. I become incredibly aware of how much space I take up in a room and we all become real friends. And I feel like I'm living my politics, fighting for a better world for everyone, treating all issues of oppression as feminist issues. I feel closer than ever to a solution for my whiteness. [music gets louder and bass reverberates]

And then…

News announcer:

[archival tape] It was a white-lash against a Black president. Clinton has called Donald Trump to concede the race. 

Phoebe:

It was the worst white women as a group had ever looked in my lifetime. It wasn't the worst thing white women as a group had done in my lifetime. But we had gotten caught. 

News announcer:

[archival tape] I think we kind of all know the statistic that 53 percent of white women voted for Donald Trump. That's that's huge. That's kind of, um, shocking. 

Phoebe:

And people were actually calling us out for our complicity in electing this abhorrent man who would make life so much more dangerous for people of color. And the liberal resistance movement was rife with white feminism.

[Le Tigre "I'm With Her" kicks in and plays in background- marchers chant “My body my choice!”]

NPR host:

[archival tape] A sea of pink knitted hats with cat-like ears. 

April Goggans:

You cannot make us use the language that you use to get justice.

Phoebe:

NK and I, and another friend feel like we can't sit idly by and let the feminist movement be co-opted by these women. So we co-organize a workshop for white women trying to move away from just being good informed white people and actually giving stuff up, processing our guilt and shame and turning our privilege into something useful. [sounds of chairs moving, people cough] I'm standing at the front of a room full of 40 white people, every chair is full. I scan the room, [people quietly chat] people are whispering and checking the time on their phones. There's a lot of Jews, a few burner types, but no white people with dreads or anything. [noise of people adjusting and talking quietly in the background as the workshop is about to begin]

There are some boomers I'm worried about. I imagine there are some people in the room wanting to get credit just for being there and some looking for a get absolved quick pass. I'm a little skeptical. I'm not sure what this workshop can really teach me. We go around the room and introduce ourselves and I gloat a tiny bit internally knowing I'm not as bad as some of these totally clueless white women. 

[Phoebe impersonating the voices of the various good white women participants in the workshop] Trump's election was like a wake up call. 

You know, my husband and I donate to the ACLU. 

I just really believe in nonviolence you know, we're going to ask for unity than what we.. Maybe there's something that we need to do among ourselves. 

You know, I found myself asking, what if a pussy hats not enough??

There's been so much progress. 

Phoebe:

Listen, I know, right now in this moment, I'm distancing myself from other white women acting like I'm better than them at being anti-racist. There's those people over there. And then there's me. A good one. It's an instinct when I'm forced to confront this power that I don't really want to have as a white person. This instinct to diminish it kicks in. The exceptions push their way to the surface. But I'm Jewish, but I'm queer. But I'm an anarchist, but I'm often the only white person around. I get it. 

[people speak to each other quietly] Everyone in this room knows that racism is bad, and everyone knows overt racism when they see it. They would definitely call it out. But the reason we're all gathered in this room is to identify subtler forms of racism. And I'm not talking about microaggressions either. I'm talking about aggressions that are so subtle. They're like the walls of the room or the carpet on the floor.

The facilitator asked me to tack up a stack of papers on the wall. Kenneth Jones and Tema Okun wrote this list of characteristics in 2001, [sounds of paper crinkling] it's called White Supremacy Culture. The characteristics listed on the sheets of paper are damaging because they're often used as norms and standards without being proactively named or chosen by the group. The facilitator explains this. She asks us to get into small groups and walk around the room talking [people chat and discuss] about the ways each characteristic has shown up in our own lives. [Snappy percussive music sounds like a clicking clock]

Phoebe

Perfectionism.

Sense of Urgency.

Fear of Open Conflict .

Workshop participant:

…at your wedding and her response is like it's actually you are too sensitive and you're like creating problems for me and for yourself…

Phoebe:

Worship of the written word. 

Only one right way.

Power hoarding. 

Participant 2:

…Like a woman of color brought up wanting to talk about the way the group was dealing with each other and treating each other and it was completely dismissed. It was deemed sort of like unnecessary…

Phoebe:

Objectivity.

Either/Or Thinking.

Defensiveness. 

Phoebe:

[in scene] This one reminds me of my parents, like when I questioned them and like decisions that they're making. They, like, cannot even talk to me about it.

[workshop noises of people chattering and upbeat percussive ticking music continues]

Quantity Over Quality.

Paternalism.

Right to Comfort. 

Participant 3:

…I like how this is phrased as the belief that those with power have a right to emotional and psychological comfort because that really like, lays out how you can reinforce that really subtly…

Phoebe:

Individualism. 

Progress is Bigger and More.

[Percussive music continues and then fades out]

Phoebe:

I end up leaving the workshop with my head spinning, feeling unmoored, like there's this whole level I haven't been interrogating that I haven't been aware of. The thoughts start creeping in about how I embody these characteristics. [ambient swirling music begins to build and arpeggiate- like the thoughts swirling around Phoebe’s head] Right to comfort. Fear of open defensiveness. I think of my inner power hungry child, how far I've come [music stops] from centering myself in every interaction I have. But I mostly filled with shame, feeling like despite my best efforts and my really good intentions, I'm back at the bottom, submerged in the cluelessness that feels inherent to being white and having to start over again. [ambient swirling synth begins again]

NK:

[echoes in Phoebe’s head] White friends who I've lost because I'm like, oh, look, I can't talk about being angry about like racial inequality with you. 

Phoebe:

Maybe I'm as behind as these people my friends complain about. 

NK:

[echoing] That's the beginning of the end of like, really, any sense of real intimacy [music stops]

Phoebe:

Desperate to read something talking about this experience. I searched the Internet and find this essay written by TaLynn Kel, a Black woman who writes about what it's like to navigate intimacy with her husband, a white man. 

About white people, she writes: “I keep asking myself, when will they see the monster in the mirror? When will they see who they really are, what they do, how they destroy the world with their endless quest for power and the tireless subjugation of others to do it? When will they admit their fucking inability to see humanity in difference?”

 [I'll be your mirror by the Velvet Underground begins]

Most of the mirrors we look in as white people will not reveal the monster. These mirrors the people we surround ourselves with, our relationships, the books we sometimes read, the shit in our Instagram feed, even the cities we live in. 

They'll show us that we deserve what we have. They'll say that things just are the way they are. They'll say we're lucky. They'll say we're objectively hot. They'll say we should do what we want. They'll show us the people we've grown up thinking we are, defined by our character or our intellect or our interests and hard work and values. 

I'm aware that the perspective of white people is overrepresented everywhere, but we rarely talk about how it feels when you do see the monster and what it's like to live in that discomfort. I am looking outside those mirrors in previously unexamined places, in myself and in my family history, in places I'm being asked to examine by people who love me but hate white people. 

And I want you to hear me processing this because I wonder what's in there for you if you're white, and since we live in a white supremacist culture, we all deal with it in some way. So I hope there's something relevant for everyone. I am curious what would happen if all white people decided to confront themselves like this. 

[I'll Be Your Mirror by The Velvet Underground continues]

This was the first episode of Race Traitor

Next time, I'll be getting into it with my friends. 

Kamala:

I think the way, I think there's a way that you expected to always get your way. 

NK:

Yeah, I mean I have thought that, yeah.

[I’ll Be Your Mirror fades out- Heart theme fades in]

Kaitlin Prest:

Race Traitor is a serialized mini season of The Heart produced by Phoebe Unter, Sharon Mashihi edited the series with additional editorial support from Nicole Kelly, Me, Caitlin Prest and Kamala Puligandla. This episode featured White Supremacy Culture written by Tame Okun and Kenneth Jones. And an excerpt from an essay called White People, you have a Lying Problem by TaLynn Kel. Find links to both texts and other resources that guided inspired Phoebe at The Heart radio dot org, The Heart is Nicole Kelly, Phoebe Unter, Sharon Mashihi and me, Kaitlin Prest. It is a production of Mermaid Palace and is distributed by Radiotopia. The heart is now a more than 10 years old, queer and feminist institution that once in the long past went by the name of Audio Smut. If you like this show, tell your friends, review us in itunes. We need listeners to keep the show alive. And I think that there's a lot of people out there who would like this show that don't know about it yet. 

So tell someone, send it to them. Send them this episode. 

Follow us on Instagram at the Heart Radio. If you love this work and you want to support it with your cash dollars, we would greatly appreciate it. You can donate at the heart radio dot org. The Heart is a proud member of radiotopia, and I hope you're safe and comfy where you are.